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Hair
Fall
Introduction:
Each
hair grows from a hair root called as hair follicle.
The hair follicle goes through a cycle of growth (anagen
phase), shrinkage (catagen phase) and rest (telogen phase). The length to
which hair will grow depends on the length of the anagen phase. The longer
hair in the female is due to the longer anagen phase in women.
Hair color is essentially governed by the amount of melanin pigment in the
hair which is genetically & nutritionally determined.
The main controlling influences on hair growth are complex genetic, racial
factors , hormonal, nutritional & other factors.
Hair fall may be of
following type:
1) Generalized
Hair Fall (Telogen effluvium)
2) Patchy hair loss (alopecia
areata)
3) Male pattern baldness
(Androgenetic alopecia also called: Common baldness )
4) Cicatricial Alopecia
Generalized
Hair Fall
Causes of Generalized Hair Fall
(1)
Hormonal cause of hair fall: excess hair fall may occur due to any
of the below mentioned hormone disorders.
Adrenal |
Ovarian |
Other |
Cushing
syndrome, disease , androgen producting) Tumor (adenoma, carcinoma), adrenal,
Late-onset genetic defects in steroidogenesis, 21-Hydroxylase
deficiency, 11ß-Hydroxylase deficiency |
Primary
polycystic ovaries ,
Secondary polycystic ovaries, Androgen-producing ovarian
cell tumor, stromal Tumor (adenoma, carcinoma), Hilar cell
hyperplasia |
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2) |
DRUGS:
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(a)
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Steroid, androgen therapy, overdose of thyroid medicines, Anticoagulants, Cancer drugs, Anti-psychotics, Hypervitaminosis ACytotoxic Agents, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine olchicine,Methotrexate, Elements, e.g. arsenic, Actinomycin D, Doxorubicin Levodopa, Flurouracil Ionising radiation, Azathioprine and Prednisolone
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2)
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2)
NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC:
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a.
Protein deficiencyb.
b. Iron deficiencyc.
c. Zinc deficiency. |
4) |
Idiopathic:
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physiological process in genetically predisposed individuals. Terminal follicles are progressively transformed into "vellus" follicles i.e. a "miniaturization" process. |
5) |
Idiopathic
Telogen Effluvium:
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Disturbances of hair cycle due to many reasons leads to shedding of normal club hairs, which follows the premature precipitation of anagen follicles into telogen Response to the follicles due to many different types of causes mentioned below.
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6)
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Traumatic:
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a. Resulting from cosmetic proceduresb.
b. Accidental traumac.
c. Deliberate in psychologically disturbed.
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7)
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Structural Defects
Of Hair Shaft With Increased Fragility |
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16) |
Febrile states, e.g. typhoid, malaria,
alopecia universalis
Iron deficiency
malnutrition, malabsorption or sometimes metabolic defects
chronic liver dysfunction, malignancies, debilitating diseases and collagen vascular diseases.
Postpartum Alopecia, Neonatal Alopecia
Chemicals In Environment
Nutritional Alopecia
Diffuse Nonscarring Alopecia Of Other Causes |
ALOPECIA
AREATA
There
is loss of hair in a particular patchy area. It is one of the common
problems of hair which if not treated in time may be difficult to treat
later.
Factors implicated are patient’s genetic constitution the atopic
state, non specific immune and organ-specific auto-immune reactions and
emotional stress.
These
are of following types:
1
2
3
4 |
Atopic type
Autoimmune type
Pre-hypertensive type
Common type |
Aetiology: heredity , autoimmunity, hormone disorders
type
Common
type
CICATRICIAL (SCARRING) ALOPECIA
In
this kind of hair loss there is destruction of hair follicles thus hair
fall is associated with signs of atrophy of skin of scalp.causes of cicatricial alopecia, Follicular disease, Lichen planopilaris discoid lupus erythematosus ,keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans folliculitis decalvansa ,traction alopecia Dermal fibrosis, localized scleroderma Pseudopelade, Lichen planusLupus erythematosus, radiodermatitis pemphigoid , chemical or physical injuries.Physical traumaInfections - Fungal, bacterial
Androgenic
alopecia (male pattern baldness)
Also
called as androgenetic alopecia, Male pattern baldness, common baldness
and androgen-dependent alopecia. It is one of the most common cause of
hair fall in men & one of the prominent cause of hair fall in women.
Aetiology
of androgenic alpecia:
1)
Due to many hormone disorders as :
Adrenal |
Ovarian |
Other |
Cushing
syndrome, disease , androgen production) Tumor (adenoma, carcinoma) ,
Androgen-producing adrenal, Late-onset genetic defects in
steroidogenesis, 21-Hydroxylase deficiency, 11ß-Hydroxylase
deficiency,
|
Primary
polycystic ovaries , Secondary polycystic
ovaries Androgen-producing ovarian cell tumor, stromal Tumor
(adenoma, carcinoma), Hilar cell hyperplasia. |
Idiopathic
Hirsutism , ingestion, injection of androgen or of androgenic
substance, Ingestion of nonsteroidal drug,
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2)
3)
4)
5)
6) |
Hereditary:
Multifactorial
genetic factors
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mediated
inflammation in the hair root |
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Clinical
Features of androgenic alopecia:
This type of hair loss
in androgenic alopecia affects both men and women. The male pattern begins
with recession of the fronto-temporal hairline followed by thinning of the
hair in vertex & side area. It may begin at any age even as early as
the late teens. The rate of hair fall & its progression is extremely
variable.
Women often present with a more generalized pattern of hair loss which
usually predominates on the vertex. Usually the frontal hairline does not
recede as much as in men. The female pattern may accompany signs of excess
male hormone action as seborrhea, acne, facial hair, excess body hair.
These patients are quiet worried about their future look.
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to Consult Us
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